Abstract: Nervous System (NS) is formed by different neural cells, such as astrocytes, neurons and oligodendroglia in the central nervous system (CNS) and swan cells in the peripheric NS. Neurons are speciality cells that communicate each other and with all body cells. Oligodendroglia and Swan cells, are productors of myeline in the CNS and in peripheric NS respectively. Astrocytes are special cells in the NS with many functions, such as fooding the neurons and myeline productor cells with glucose; elimination of glutamate in synapsis; constituent of blood brain barrio (BBB); productor of cytokines and chemokines to control inflammation; take care of the microbiota; elimination bacteria and virus no autochthon inside the NS; have a role in memory and learning producing long and short term potentiation; pass to reactive astrocytes to protect neurons, oligodendroglia and swan cells; form a plate in the CNS when is broken to evite the communication between cells to protect NS from bacteria and virus. Furthermore, astrocytes control toxic action of Aβ peptide and plates in Alzheimer’s disease; control insulin receptor and increase pAKT to decrease GSK-3 activating GS (glutamate synthase) to eliminate glucose inside the cells and, of course reduce pTAU; increase IDE (inhibitor of degrading enzyme) that decrease insulin and Aβ; because noradrenalin can unit to its receptor and, to Aβ too producing GSK-3, astrocytes diminish the increase of pTAU production. All these demonstrate than astrocytes can be the more important cells in our nervous system.
Keywords: Neurons; Astrocytes; oligodendroglia; ATP increase; IDE; GSK-3; pTAU; Aβ peptide; BBB; CNS; PNS; learning; memory.

Acknowledgements: “Fineurol group”

Biography: In 1985, Prof. Valles graduated in Biological Science at the University of Valencia and in 1996 I finished my PhD in the Cytological Research Institute (IEC) looking for astrogliogenesis during brain development. In 1997, I spent three years at Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK, working in inflammation and regulation of IL-1 and IL-1 receptor. In 2000, I returned to Spain at Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in University of Valencia until now. I was working in toxicity in developmental and neurodegenerative disease (such as Alzheimer’s disease) looking for oxidative stress and inflammation mechanisms. Actually, I have my own laboratory “FINEUROL” and I am working in neurodegeneration and neurodevelopment. I have lectures in the School of Medicine as a Professor.